Pour passer d\u2019une \u00e9conomie bas\u00e9e sur les combustibles fossiles \u00e0 une bio\u00e9conomie bas\u00e9e sur la conversion de mati\u00e8res v\u00e9g\u00e9tales en \u00e9nergie, les chercheurs doivent isoler les prot\u00e9ines qui interviennent dans le processus de conversion de la biomasse ligneuse (lignocellulose) en sucres simples. Ces derniers sont les pierres angulaires de la fabrication de biocarburants et de produits biochimiques de pointe qui peuvent transformer les r\u00e9sidus agricoles et urbains en produits et en \u00e9nergie.<\/p>\n
Les champignons jouent un r\u00f4le naturel dans la d\u00e9composition. Ils d\u00e9sagr\u00e8gent en sucres la biomasse ligneuse qui se compose de branches, de cimes, d\u2019aiguilles, de feuilles, de buissons et de broussailles. Les champignons repr\u00e9sentent donc un laboratoire naturel id\u00e9al o\u00f9 nous pouvons chercher les prot\u00e9ines qui participent \u00e0 ce processus et que nous nous proposons d’utiliser et de reproduire.<\/p>\n
L\u2019\u00e9quipe du projet utilisera les volumes imposants de renseignements produits par la recherche en g\u00e9nomique pour identifier, analyser et d\u00e9velopper des enzymes potentielles de champignons qui pourront nous servir de catalyseurs pour produire des biocarburants et d\u2019autres produits \u00e0 base de plantes. Nous dresserons la carte du g\u00e9nome de champignons importants et cibleront les enzymes ou les prot\u00e9ines qu’ils utilisent pour d\u00e9sagr\u00e9ger la biomasse. Nous construirons une base de donn\u00e9es des g\u00e8nes et des g\u00e9nomes de divers types de champignons, de m\u00eame que les familles des enzymes et les propri\u00e9t\u00e9s et applications de ces prot\u00e9ines. Nous clonerons et exprimerons ces prot\u00e9ines dans les quantit\u00e9s consid\u00e9rables n\u00e9cessaires \u00e0 l\u2019industrie. Nous les utiliserons pour d\u00e9velopper de nouveaux carburants, des produits chimiques et des proc\u00e9d\u00e9s pour la fabrication des p\u00e2tes et papiers et la production d\u2019aliments pour le b\u00e9tail. Nous \u00e9tablirons en outre de nouvelles normes pour \u00e9valuer la viabilit\u00e9 de la transformation de la biomasse ligneuse en biocarburants et d\u2019autres produits. Finalement, nous \u00e9laborerons des strat\u00e9gies de communication efficaces afin que le public canadien participe \u00e0 un dialogue sur les enjeux li\u00e9s \u00e0 l’utilisation de la biomasse comme source importante future de produits chimiques et de carburants.<\/p>\n
Lorsque nous les aurons mises au point, les nouvelles enzymes deviendront les pierres angulaires du d\u00e9veloppement de bioraffineries industrielles \u00e0 grande \u00e9chelle qui convertiront la biomasse en biocarburants et en produits biochimiques. Nous pr\u00e9voyons \u00e9galement mettre au point des suppl\u00e9ments enzymatiques utilis\u00e9s dans les aliments pour le b\u00e9tail, ce qui r\u00e9duira la quantit\u00e9 de c\u00e9r\u00e9ales n\u00e9cessaires \u00e0 un aliment nutritif. Ce progr\u00e8s stabiliserait le co\u00fbt des aliments pour les agriculteurs et pourrait r\u00e9duire les co\u00fbts des aliments en g\u00e9n\u00e9ral. Les enzymes que nous mettons au point aideront de plus l\u2019industrie des p\u00e2tes et papiers \u00e0 r\u00e9duire la quantit\u00e9 d\u2019\u00e9nergie qu’elle consomme et la pollution que g\u00e9n\u00e8re le proc\u00e9d\u00e9 de r\u00e9duction en p\u00e2te.<\/p>\n
(En anglais seulement)<\/p>\n
Integrated GE3<\/sup>LS Research: <\/strong>Genozymes GE3LS Project: A Methodological Approach to Environmental Impacts and Public Engagement For example, currently little relevant data is available to assess the environmental impact and potential sustainability of such conversions because no commercial-scale cellulose-basedoperation yet exists in Canada. This is because existing first generation bioconversion processes and biofuels production facilities in Canada are relatively novel and have not yet been subject to detailed scientific scrutiny for their overall environmental impacts and sustainability implications. Furthermore, Canadians have not yet had a broad public dialogue on the policy issues and societal trade-offs related to the conversion of plant material into biofuels and biochemicals. This is despite past experiences that have shown that public perception will have an important influence on the assessment of new genomic technologies.<\/p>\n We will address these questions in two ways. First, we will develop a general framework to assess the environmental sustainability of genomics-based methods of converting plant material into biofuel. This work will draw upon environmental experiences and the application of genomics based tools in more \u201cmature\u201d biofuels jurisdictions from around the world. The results from this analysis will form the scientific foundation and basis for development of protocols to assist our own scientists in making informed decisions about the environmental implications of their research and will guide future decisions for reducing adverse environmental impacts and ensuring sustainability of resources in the long term.<\/p>\n Second, we will investigate effective communication and engagement strategies related to the results of our genomics project. This will involve the development and testing of various models of science journalism. We will develop guides to assist science journalists in communicating genomics-based innovations. Finally, an important part of our studies will be to engage the public in informed discussion of our genomics-project results.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Pour passer d\u2019une \u00e9conomie bas\u00e9e sur les combustibles fossiles \u00e0 une bio\u00e9conomie bas\u00e9e sur la conversion de mati\u00e8res v\u00e9g\u00e9tales en \u00e9nergie, les chercheurs doivent isoler les prot\u00e9ines qui interviennent dans le processus de conversion de la biomasse ligneuse (lignocellulose) en sucres simples. Ces derniers sont les pierres angulaires de la fabrication de biocarburants et de […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":0,"template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"default","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"default","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}}},"project-categories":[93],"genome-competitions":[232],"project-sector":[],"genome_centres":[104],"class_list":["post-10603","project","type-project","status-publish","hentry","project-categories-large-scale-science-fr","genome-competitions-concours-projets-de-recherche-en-genomique-appliquee-aux-bioproduits-ou-aux-cultures","genome_centres-genome-quebec-fr"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\n
\nGE3<\/sup>LS Project Leader:<\/strong> David Secko, Concordia University
\nSummary<\/u>
\nThe goal of this genomic research is to identify, analyze and develop potential enzymes in fungi that can be used to convert plant material into biofuels, biochemicals and other products for industrial use. The project is designed to produce significant benefits for Canada, and thereby raises several important questions related to the environment, government policy and public perception, among other broad areas of GE3<\/sup>LS research.<\/p>\n